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…gender is one of the most fundamental components of an individual’s identity… It has been determined that macro world social change such as feminism and certain “men’s movements” have largely destabilised traditional masculinity. Nonetheless, power, in its multitude of forms and expressions, continued to be a recognisable and defining characteristic of masculinity. It was the variations in the expression of power that determined the conventionality or unconventionality of each masculinity – with more fluid or effeminate expressions characterising unconventional masculinities…The observable behaviours during the interaction process demonstrated peer group socialisation of individual male-gender identities with macro world popular culture stereotypes of masculinity. This re-affirmed the mass influence of popular culture and its socialising power over adolescents. Confirmed too was the existence of the psychological process of disidentification and the counter- reaction of imposing more conventional norms of masculinity. …The discrepancies between the social illusion of individual freedoms in non-conformity and expressions of intrinsic individualism and the micro world reality of harsh rejection and opposition towards non-conformity are of concern. It is the micro world experiences that persist in limiting the male gender expressions from taking on more effeminate identities.
Refers to the ‘The Women’s Liberation Movement’ of the 1970’s
Refers to some of the new prescriptions of the male gender (i.e. what it means to be a man). Some examples that will be later discussed in this research include: effeminate gay, SNAG and metro-sexual masculinities.
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